炎症小体及焦亡信号通路-免疫学- ABclonal

炎症小体及焦亡信号通路

炎症小体是重要的天然免疫系统受体和感受器，通常由上游感受蛋白、接头蛋白ASC和下游效应caspase-1组成胞浆多聚蛋白复合体，通过调节caspase-1的激活，介导传染性微生物和细胞损伤诱导的炎症反应[1]。炎症小体识别各种微生物，包括各种原生动物、真菌、细菌和病毒，并对损伤相关的内源性因素（如线粒体DNA、成孔毒素、尿酸结晶、细胞外ATP、β淀粉样斑块和胰岛淀粉样多肽等）作出反应[2]。炎症小体激活需要两个信号：启动信号（信号1）和激活信号（信号2）[3]。启动信号由微生物成分或细胞因子触发，导致早期信号通路（如TLR信号通路）和转录因子（如NF-κB）的激活，并促进感受蛋白（如NLRP3）和白介素-1β前体（pro-IL-1β）和白介素-18前体（pro-IL-18）的上调。对于激活信号，有多种分子和细胞机制被提出作为激活炎症小体的触发机制，包括K+外排、Ca2+信号转导、胞桨dsDNA、活性氧（ROS）、线粒体功能障碍和溶酶体破裂等[3]。此外，NLRs的翻译后修饰，如磷酸化，泛素化甚至蛋白水解，已被认为是激活某些NLR感受器所必需的[4]。炎症小体激活后，会导致caspase-1发生自体切割并被活化，将pro-IL-1β和pro-IL-18切割成具有生物活性的成熟形式[5]。活化caspase-1也能切割Gasdermins（例如GSDMD），释放出的Gasdermin的N端结构域发生多聚化并在质膜中形成孔道，从而触发一种促使细胞裂解的炎性细胞死亡，称为细胞焦亡（pyroptosis）[6]。还有一些情况下，侵入细胞内的革兰氏阴性细菌产生的LPS或通过细胞囊泡带来的革兰氏阴性细菌的LPS，与细胞内caspase-4/5/11具有很高的亲和力，导致非典型炎症小体的多聚化组装[7]。这些caspase随后被激活，并通过切割GSDMD触发细胞焦亡。细胞焦亡迫使细胞内的病原体离开其复制场所，使其暴露于免疫监控体系，它还会触发细胞因子释放和危险相关分子DAMPs的产生，从而使免疫系统进一步对感染作出反应。

ABclonal针对炎症小体及焦亡信号通路研究，提供以下常见核心靶点的产品

ASC/TMS1 Rabbit mAb

Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Human liver tissue using ASC/TMS1 Rabbit mAb (A22046) at a dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval performed with 0.01M Citrate buffer (pH 6.0) prior to IHC staining..

*Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Human spleen tissue using ASC/TMS1 Rabbit mAb (A22046) at a dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval performed with 0.01M Citrate buffer (pH 6.0) prior to IHC staining..

*Western blot analysis of various lysates using ASC/TMS1 Rabbit mAb (A22046)at 1:12000 dilution incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours.

GSDMD (Full length+C terminal) Rabbit pAb

Immunofluorescence analysis of PC-3 cells using GSDMD Rabbit pAb (A17308) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens). Secondary antibody: Cy3-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS007) at 1:500 dilution. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.

Immunofluorescence analysis of HeLa cells using GSDMD Rabbit pAb (A17308) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens). Secondary antibody: Cy3-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS007) at 1:500 dilution. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.

Immunofluorescence analysis of A-431 cells using GSDMD (Full Length+N terminal) Rabbit pAb (A17308) at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). Secondary antibody: Cy3-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS007) at 1:500 dilution. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.

Western blot analysis of various lysates using GSDMD Rabbit pAb (A17308) at 1:1000 dilution.
Secondary antibody: HRP-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS014) at 1:10000 dilution.
Lysates/proteins: 25μg per lane.
Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.
Detection: ECL Basic Kit (RM00020).
Exposure time: 90s.

Immunofluorescence analysis of U2OS cells using GSDMD Rabbit pAb (A17308) at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). Secondary antibody: Cy3-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS007) at 1:500 dilution. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.

Western blot analysis of recombinant GSDMD-FL and N+C Protein using GSDMD Rabbit pAb (A17308) at 1:1000 dilution incubated overnight at 4℃.
Secondary antibody: HRP-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS014) at 1:10000 dilution.
Lysates/proteins: 25ng per lane.
Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.
Detection: ECL Basic Kit (RM00020).
Exposure time: 60s.

TOM20 Rabbit mAb

Western blot analysis of various lysates using TOM20 Rabbit mAb (A19403) at 1:5000 dilution incubated overnight at 4℃.

Secondary antibody: HRP-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS014) at 1:10000 dilution.

Lysates/proteins: 25 μg per lane.

Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.

Detection: ECL Basic Kit (RM00020).

Exposure time: 10s..

*Western blot analysis of lysates from 293T cells using TOM20 Rabbit mAb (A19403) at 1:5000 dilution incubated overnight at 4℃.

Secondary antibody: HRP-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS014) at 1:10000 dilution.

Lysates/proteins: 25 μg per lane.

Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.

Detection: ECL Basic Kit (RM00020).

Exposure time: 10s..

*Western blot analysis of lysates from HeLa cells using TOM20 Rabbit mAb (A19403) at 1:10000-1:640000 dilution incubated overnight at 4℃.

Secondary antibody: HRP-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS014) at 1:10000 dilution.

Lysates/proteins: 25 μg per lane.

Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.

Detection: ECL Basic Kit (RM00020).

Exposure time: 30s..

*Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Human liver cancer tissue using TOM20 Rabbit mAb (A19403) at a dilution of 1:5000 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval performed with 0.01M Tris-EDTA Buffer (pH 9.0) prior to IHC staining..

炎症小体及焦亡信号通路关键产品列表