After adding PMA to stimulate THP1 cells and induce their differentiation into mature macrophages, they attached to the plate after 24 hours. Then, LPS was added to induce their polarization towards M1 macrophages after 6 hours, and the cells were cultured in 1640 medium with 10% serum for 48 hours. Using flow cytometry, the expression of M1 macrophage markers CD68 and CD86 was detected after polarization, and the experimental results were consistent with expectations.
This gene encodes a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is expressed by antigen-presenting cells, and it is the ligand for two proteins at the cell surface of T cells, CD28 antigen and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. Binding of this protein with CD28 antigen is a costimulatory signal for activation of the T-cell. Binding of this protein with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 negatively regulates T-cell activation and diminishes the immune response. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
