Ub aldehyde is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of cysteine deubiquitinating enzymes including the Ub C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs), the Ub-specific proteases (USPs), the ovarian tumor domains (OTUs) proteases and the Machado-Josephine domain (MJD) proteases. Typical working concentration is 2-5 μM in vitro.